What's PQQ ?
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone, referred to as PQQ, is a quinone compound with unique biological activity. The core structure of PQQ is a tricarboxylic acid derivative composed of a fused five-membered pyrrole ring and a hexadecimal quinoline ring to form a unique "ortho-quinone" structure. This unique structure gives the following two characteristics:
1) A highly conjugated aromatic system makes it stable.
2) The unique quinone ring structure imparts its extremely strong redox capacity, and its redox potential is between NAD⁺/NADH and cytochrome C.
The appearance of PQQ is usually a dark red or reddish brown crystalline powder. Because it contains three carboxy groups, PQQ is soluble in water, and is also soluble in certain polar organic solvents, and is insoluble in non-polar solvents. Solid-state PQQ is relatively stable, but sensitive to strong light, high temperatures and extreme pH. In solution, its stability is greatly affected by pH, temperature, light and redox environment.


What is Source of PQQ?
The sources of PQQ can be divided into two ways: natural existence and artificial synthesis.
PQQ naturally occurs in microbial synthesis and plants. PQQ is widely present in various plant-based foods, but the content is usually low.
Its main source in nature is biosynthesis. Many bacteria (especially some Gram-negative bacteria) can use PQQ as a coenzyme for key enzymes such as methanol dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase. These bacteria synthesize PQQ through specific biosynthetic pathways.
Currently, commercial PQQ is mainly synthesized through complex multi-step organic chemical reactions. The purity of synthetic PQQ powders is usually as high as 98% or >99% for dietary supplements and scientific research. Chemical synthesis is the most accepted market.
How does PQQ make you feel?
The "feeling" experience of pyrroliquinoline quinone (PQQ) powder needs to be based on the effects it produces on humans. The specific effects are expressed in various forms and reflect their value in a variety of physiological scenarios....
1.Strong mitochondrial support
By activating the PGC-1α pathway, it promotes increased number and optimized function of mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby improving the generation efficiency of ATP cell energy currency.
Daily life will make you more energetic and reduce fatigue during work or activities. At the same time, your exercise endurance may be enhanced while you exercise, and the recovery time after exercise is shortened.
2.Excellent antioxidant capacity
It can directly remove a variety of free radicals and efficiently perform redox cycles to regenerate other antioxidants, vitamin C, glutathione, etc.
Protect cells, especially mitochondria, from oxidative damage, maintain cell health, and reduce markers of oxidative stress.Thus, the overall anti-aging process can be supported.
3.Support cognitive function
By stimulating nerve growth factor synthesis, neurons are protected from oxidative damage and toxins. At the same time, it can improve the mitochondrial function of brain cells and optimize the brain energy supply.
If students prepare for the exam, high-intensity brain worker programmers or designers, taking it can improve thinking clarity, concentration, improve work and study efficiency, and support brain health for a long time. Potential protective effects to reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
4.Improve sleep quality
By optimizing energy metabolism and reducing mitochondrial stress, circadian rhythms can be regulated or oxidative stress can be reduced indirectly to improve sleep. It is made into capsules with CoQ10 ingredients and has more significant effects when taken, which will allow you to sleep deeper, reduce night awakening, and improve morning awakening.
5.Promote cardiovascular health
PQQ has powerful antioxidant effects, can protect vascular endothelial cells and lipoproteins, and supports cardiomyocyte mitochondrial health.
For patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, taking it can protect the elasticity of the vascular endothelial, reduce the levels of oxidized LDL, and thus reduce the risk of atherosclerosis. At the same time, it can improve the mitochondrial function of the heart and support the myocardial energy supply.
6.Protect the liver
Strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities protect hepatocytes while supporting liver mitochondrial function.
For people who often drink alcohol and are exposed to environmental toxins, they can often take health care capsules or gummy sugar containing PQQ. It is recommended to use 10-20mg/day. In order to reduce liver oxidative damage and inflammation, reduce liver oxidative stress and inflammation markers, thereby protecting liver cell function.


Side effect of PQQ
1. Common side effects and suggestions
Gastrointestinal discomfort, symptoms include nausea, stomach discomfort or bloating, diarrhea, and indigestion. Do not take it on an empty stomach. It is recommended to take it with the meal to relieve discomfort. Usually the symptoms are mild and short-term, and disappear after discontinuation or reduction.
2. Main matters for special groups
Pregnant and breastfeeding women, strictly avoid using them. Fetal development and infancy are key sensitive periods and should be cautious.
For children and adolescents, it is not recommended to use it. You must follow the doctor's advice.
People with specific diseases, including severe liver and kidney diseases, and cancer patients, should follow medical advice because the impact of PQQ on cell growth and mitochondria is theoretically complex.
Reference
1.Kumazawa, T., Sato, K., Seno, H., Ishii, A., & Suzuki, O. (1995). Levels of pyrroloquinoline quinone in various foods. Biochemical Journal, 307(Pt 2), 331–333.
2.Felton, L. M., & Anthony, C. (2005). Biochemistry: role of PQQ as a mammalian enzyme cofactor? Nature, 433(7025), E10.
3.Rucker, R., Chowanadisai, W., & Nakano, M. (2009). Potential physiological importance of pyrroloquinoline quinone. Alternative Medicine Review, 14(3), 268–277.
4.Zhang, Y., et al. (2009). Neuroprotective effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone against rotenone injury in primary cultured midbrain neurons and in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology, 56(8), 1077–1086.
5.Misra, H. S., Rajpurohit, Y. S., & Khairnar, N. P. (2012). Pyrroloquinoline-quinone and its versatile roles in biological processes. Journal of Biosciences, 37(2), 313–325.




